Pluralistic approaches to languages and cultures are defined as "didactic approaches which use teaching /learning activities involving several (i.e., more than one) varieties of languages or cultures" ("Pluralistic approaches").
They encompass various approaches, also referred to as Plurilingual teaching (or in French ‘Didactique du plurilinguisme’) and are directed both at learners who already have a diverse linguistic and cultural repertoire, aiming to accommodate and include them in a new environment, as well as to learners with repertoires that can be enriched.
Pluralistic approaches fall into four main categories: awakening to languages, an integrated didactic approach, intercomprehension between related languages, and intercultural education.
Bilingual education and CLIL approaches are part of pluralistic / plurilingual approaches when they facilitate contact between languages (for instance, through comparisons between the target language and the language of schooling). This also applies to interlinguistic mediation and intercultural mediation. 1
Pluralistic approaches to languages and cultures do not replace existing language teaching approaches, they make them more effective by establishing synergies:
• between the teaching of various languages,
• between language teaching and competences acquired outside of school.
These synergies are a crucial didactic consequence of the concept of plurilingual and pluricultural competence described in the CEFR:
"as an individual person’s experience of language in its cultural contexts expands, from the language of the home to that of society at large and then to the languages of other peoples (whether learnt at school or college, or by direct experience), he or she does not keep these languages and cultures in strictly separated mental compartments, but rather builds up a communicative competence to which all knowledge and experience of language contributes and in which languages interrelate and interact." 2
Pluralistic approaches also enrich language education by reinforcing the overall educational dimension of language teaching and thereby promoting social inclusion.
To find out more about pluralistic approaches to languages and cultures, consult the website of the Framework of reference for pluralistic approaches to languages and cultures (FREPA).
1 See p. 57 and following of Beacco, J.-C., Byram, M., Cavalli, M., Coste, D., Egli Cuenat, M., Goullier, F., Panthier, J. (2016). Guide for the development and implementation of curricula for plurilingual and intercultural education. Strasbourg: Council of Europe https://www.coe.int/en/web/platform-plurilingual-intercultural-language-education/curricula-and-evaluation.
2 Council of Europe (2001). Common European framework of references for languages (p. 4). https://rm.coe.int/1680459f97.